How much pain is ok during exercise or rehabilitation is a tricky topic, and is more on the "art" side of physiotherapy than the "science". There are a lot of different factors that impact this. In particular, different tissues will tolerate different amounts of pain during exercise, e.g. with bones we want minimal pain when loading, while muscle and tendon will typically tolerate and sometimes even require some pain to allow for adequate adaptation.
However, for most conditions we apply a basic algorithm in terms of how pain levels during an activity correlate with pain levels afterwards, and with a bit of trial and error we can work out the optimal pain amount to work with:)
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